Cystitis is a disease that affects the urinary system of the female or male body. This pathology actually represents an inflammatory process in the bladder, especially in its walls. Many people wonder if men have cystitis, as this pathology is more typical of women. However, men are also susceptible to the disease.
Cystitis in men and women differs not only by how often the lesions occur, but also by why they occur. If the pathology in women usually develops initially, the inflammatory process in men develops as a complication of other diseases.
The pathogens that cause cystitis in men and women may be different. Most of the time, inflammation is caused by E. coli, but Staphylococcus, Proteus, and various protozoa, such as Trichomonas, deposit on the bladder wall, not E. coli. Another group consists of pathogens of sexually transmitted infections, the complication of which may be cystitis.
Etiology
Causes of cystitis symptoms in women are:
- Any untreated (or undetected) genitourinary disease that is often inflammatory in nature (including specific, such as venereal and non-specific);
- Chronic lesions of any body system (especially in the acute phase);
- Hypothermia (meaning not the genital area and pelvic organs in general, e. g. sitting on cold concrete);
- occupations that require prolonged sitting (office positions and others);
- chronic stool disorders (constipation);
- Improper genital hygiene;
- sex experimentation (meaning changing anal to vaginal contact without first changing one partner's condom or drinking routine);
- Tight and synthetic underwear, as well as jeans, bodysuits, trousers;
- Insufficient urination per day (at least 5 times normal);
- Lack of personal hygiene during menstruation is one of the common causes of cystitis in women;
- Immunodeficiency status of any origin (including primary immunodeficiency and decreased immunity caused by stress, excessive physical exertion).
Unlike women in men's bodies, proper adherence to intimate hygiene rules is often a sufficient measure to prevent inflammation. Even in this case, cystitis can be a complication of advanced urethritis. However, there are many factors that can trigger pathology.
Causes of Cystitis Symptoms in Men:
- Inflammatory processes (acute and chronic) of the prostate, urethra, testis and their appendages;
- urethral anatomical abnormalities (eg, strictures) that cause urine stagnation;
- Urolithiasis or foreign bodies entering the urinary system;
- Presence of venereal inflammation (gonorrhea, especially cystitis);
- Pyelonephritis or renal tuberculosis (damage is due to the descending pathway of infection);
- Inflammatory processes in men (rarely);
- Urinary organ damage or direct damage to the bladder;
- Incorrect diagnostic and therapeutic procedures on the organs of the genitourinary system;
- Diabetes is a dangerous predisposing factor.
symptom
Despite the etiological differences in the development of the inflammatory process, the clinical presentation of the disorder does not differ between the sexes. Signs of cystitis in men and women:
- frequent (often false) urges to urinate;
- pain during urination (pain in the form of burning or cramping, intense, short-lived, characterized by an increase in magnitude at the end of urination);
- permanent pain (abdominal pain in women, pain in the penis or pubic bone in men);
- Decreased urine output in a single urination;
- Hypothermia and general signs of an inflammatory process (weakness, fatigue, pallor, dizziness) are characteristic of bacterial cystitis.
As this pathology is characterized by chronic cystitis, it should be clarified that the clinical presentation in this condition will be ambiguous. All of the above symptoms are only evident during exacerbations. During remission, patients may experience abdominal or groin pain, or frequent urination.
Classification
In addition to acute and chronic forms of the disease, there are different types of cystitis.
- Bacterial cystitis (or contagious). This form can be specific or non-specific. The disease is caused by infectious agents, mainly bacteria. The specific pathological options are sexually transmitted diseases, which may be complicated by cystitis symptoms in both men and women.
- Interstitial cystitis. This form is caused by agents that are not infectious, but have mechanical or chemical properties. In this condition, all layers of the bladder are affected until a perforated ulcer develops. Factors that can cause illness are injuries, chemicals, physical influences.
- Radiation cystitis. Because of the specific conditions that occur, this form of cystitis stands out as a separate form. In essence, the type of radiation is considered to be interstitial, but it does not occur due to accidental exposure to a factor, but rather in the treatment of neoplastic disease. To a greater extent, this applies to the development of symptoms of acute or chronic cystitis in men whose pelvic organs are often irradiated for prostate cancer.
- Hemorrhagic cystitis. In fact, this form is a complication of common cystitis, characterized by bloody impurities in the urine from the bladder. Impurities can be either microscopic, i. e. invisible to the naked eye, or massive (hematuria).
diseases during pregnancy
Cystitis in early and late pregnant women is a serious pathology that requires high-quality treatment. Women are more prone to bladder inflammation than men due to anatomical features, however, pregnant women are at risk for many other reasons:
- reduce the body's resistance to infectious pathogens;
- The bladder is undernourished due to the pressure of the large uterus on the blood vessels that feed it;
- hormonal changes.
The causes of cystitis during pregnancy are congestion and decreased immunity. The main feature of the inflammatory process in pregnant women is its asymptomatic process, which is not always the case, but still occurs. Therefore, routine examination of women should be thorough and aimed at identifying hidden pathologies. Treatment of cystitis during pregnancy is necessary but also difficult because taking strong antibiotics can adversely affect the fetus.
So, in this case, they tried to limit themselves to topical treatments in the form of drips. If that doesn't help, antibiotics are prescribed, which are the least dangerous for the unborn child.
performance after sex
The most common cause of post-intimacy cystitis is the anatomical features of the location of the urethra in women. If it opens on the eve of the vagina, infection is greatly simplified. Among the causes of postcoital cystitis, scarring changes in girls' tissues after deprivation of virginity were also evident.
This adhesive structure has a mechanical effect on the urethra and prevents it from closing. Hormonal changes also cause women to develop cystitis after sex because the protective properties of all mucous membranes in the body are weakened. Sexual abstinence is a risk factor for developing cystitis after intercourse, and the longer you go without sex, the more likely you are to develop cystitis the next time you approach.
diagnosis
The vivid clinical manifestations of acute cystitis are sufficient indicators to make a diagnosis, and many studies have been carried out on chronic or eliminative forms of the disease. To identify signs of cystitis in women and men, use:
- Clinical blood tests (to detect inflammatory processes);
- Urinalysis (to detect white blood cells or traces of blood in the urine);
- Urine bacterial culture (identification of pathogens and immediate antibiotic susceptibility testing);
- Studies to detect the pathology of STDs (serological studies, PCR);
- specific studies of urine;
- Cystoscopy (as a last resort to run the procedure).
Once diagnosed, treatment for cystitis should begin immediately.
treat
The basis for the treatment of this inflammatory disease is antibacterial drugs (if the pathology is caused by infectious agents). Preparations for cystitis in women and men must be highly sensitive to pathogens, so special tests are initially carried out. Yes, its results apply to antibacterial tablets for cystitis in women and men with broad action. In addition to medications used to treat cystitis in women, collgol instillation is very effective.
This therapy is acceptable for pregnant girls who cannot use antibiotics and as an additional treatment in advanced cases. Herbal preparations are widely used to treat cystitis in women and men, or herbal remedies in another way. They are used with antibiotics or if cystitis is mild and does not require intensive treatment.
Symptomatic medications for cystitis in men and women are pain-relieving antispasmodics. Or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which reduce pain and reduce bladder inflammation.
Probiotics are prescribed to prevent the side effects of antibiotics for cystitis in men, especially women. In women, the correct vaginal flora is important, so these medications must be taken.
If the inflammatory process is caused by any primary pathology, then the basis of how to cure cystitis will be to get rid of the disease. Of particular importance is the treatment of prostate lesions in men and sexually transmitted infections in both sexes. For additional treatment of chronic cystitis in women and men, physical therapy procedures are used. They are prescribed during the severity or remission of the shedding process.